

INSTRUCTIONS FOR RUN80 FORMATTING PROGRAM


;   Copyright   (C)   1981,  T.  Shapin,  Orange,  CA.  This
documentation may not be sold but may be distributed without
charge. RUN80 is a text formatting program that runs  on  an
8080  microprocessor  system  under  CP/M.  It  is useful in
writing reports, manuals, etc. It will  automatically  break
text into pages, number the pages, add headings and footings
and justify the right margin.

      You  prepare  your  text  by using any standard editor
that runs under the CP/M operating  system.  You  give  your
text file a name and an extension of "RNO" (which stands for
RUNOFF).  For  example,  "REPT1.RNO". You then type the CP/M
command "RUN80 REPT1". This starts the RUN80 program,  reads
a  REPT1.RNO  file  from  your disk and produces a formatted
file with the name "REPT1.MEM" (where  the  "MEM"  extension
stands  for memo). This file can be typed by giving the CP/M
command "TYPE REPT1.MEM"  if  your  hard  copy  terminal  is
connected to your terminal.

      While  you  are  typing  your text, you add formatting
commands that tell RUN80 how you want your  test  formatted.
Each  formatting  command  is  put  on  a line by itself and
starts with a period. These commands can be in either  upper
or lower case.

F_o_r_m_a_t_t_i_n_g_ C_o_m_m_a_n_d_s_

The  standard page layout is 60 characters wide and 66 lines
high. This fits nicely on an 8-1/2 by 11 inch sheet. If  you
want to print a shorter page, say 8-1/2 inches high, put the
command

         .pl 51

in your text file.

      The  page  format is set up for a header and a footer.
This page was prepared with a header command like this:

         .he INSTRUCTIONS FOR RUN80 FORMATTING PROGRAM

      Both the header and the footer are optional and can be
changed at any time. If the  character"#"  appears  in  the
header  or  footer  command line, it will be replaced by the
page number. The footer command line to  prepare  this  page
looks like this:

         .FO Page #

If you want to start the header or footer with blanks, start
with  a  quote,  "'", which will prevent leading blanks from
being discarded.

      By default, the formatting program fills output  lines
by  packing  as  many input words as possible onto an output
line before printing it. The lines are also justified (right


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INSTRUCTIONS FOR RUN80 FORMATTING PROGRAM


margins are made even) by inserting extra  spaces  into  the
line  before output. People normally want filled text, which
is why it is the default. It can be turned  off  however  by
the no-fill command:

         .nf

and   thereafter   lines   will   be   printed  without  any
rearrangement. Filling can be turned back on with  the  fill
command:

         .fi

      When  .nf  is encountered, there may be a partial line
collected but not yet output. The .nf will force  this  line
out  before  anything  else happens. This action is called a
"break". Many commands  cause  a  break  as  part  of  their
action. To force a break explicitly, use:

         .br

      To  get  extra  blanks  lines,  you  can  use the skip
command:

         .sk

      To skip more than one blank line, follow this  with  a
number.  (A space is always required between the command and
the number.) For example:

         .sk 2

will skip 2 blank lines.

      A line that begins with spaces is a special  case.  If
there  is nothing except spaces on the line, the line causes
a break and produces a number of blank lines  equal  to  the
current  line  spacing.  These  lines  are  never  discarded
regardless of where they appear, so they provide  a  way  to
get  blank  lines  at  the  top  of a page. If there are "n"
leading spaces followed by text, it it causes a break and  a
temporary  indent  of  "+n".  These  actions  will  cause  a
document that contains no formatting commands at all  to  be
reasonably formatted.

      The default line spacing is single space. To change to
double spacing, use the command:

         .sp 2

Or use three for triple spacing, etc.

      The  page  command  causes  a skip to the top of a new
page and also causes a break. If you add a  number  to  this
command, the new page will be given that number:



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INSTRUCTIONS FOR RUN80 FORMATTING PROGRAM


         .pg 15

      To center the next line of output use:

         .ce

and you can center the next five lines of output by adding a
number:

         .ce 5

or if you don't like to count lines use a big number:

                               .ce 500
                               lots of
                             lines to be
                              centered 
                  .ce 0   (to cancel the centering)

      Underlining operates much like centering:

       .ul n

causes  the  text  on the next n lines to be underlined upon
output. But .ul does not cause a break, so words  in  filled
text may be underlined by:

words and words and
       .ul lots more words.

to produce:

words and words and l_o_t_s_ m_o_r_e_ words.

      The indent command controls the left margin.

       .in n

causes all subsequent lines to be indented by "n" positions.
The normal default indent is "0". The command:

       .rm  n sets the right margin to n. The line length of
filled lines is the difference between the right margin  and
indent values. These margin commands do not cause a break.

      The  temporary  indent sets the indent to position "n"
for one output line only.

       .ti n

If "n" is less  than  the  current  indent,  the  indent  is
backwards  (a hanging indent). We will show some examples of
this.

      Since absolute numbers are often awkward, RUN80 allows
relative  values  to  be  used  as  command  arguments.  All


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INSTRUCTIONS FOR RUN80 FORMATTING PROGRAM


commands  that  allow a numeric argument "n" also allow "+n"
or "-n" instead, to signify a change in the  current  value.
For instance,

       .rm -10
       .in +10

shrinks  the  right  margin by 10 from its current value and
moves the indent 10 places farther to the right. Thus,

       .rm 10 and .rm +10

are quite different.
      Relative values are particularly useful with ".ti"  to
temporarily indent relative to the current indent.

       .in +5
       .ti +5

produces  a  left  margin indented by 5, with the first line
indented by a further 5 spaces. And

       .in +5
       .ti -5

produces a hanging indent as in a numbered paragraph:

1.  Now is the time for all good people
to come to the aid of their party.

      Normally tabs in  the  input  file  are  converted  to
single  spaces.  Tab  stops  can be set with a tabs command,
e.g. you can set tab stops at column 9, 17, 25 and 35 by the
command

       .ta 9,17,25,35

in your text file. Then when you type a tab key in your text
(or control-I for terminals that do not  have  a  tab  key),
enough  spaces  will  be  added  in  the  line  to  move the
following characters to the next tab position. Tab stops are
cancelled by a ".ta 0" command, where the  first  number  is
zero.

S_p_e_c_i_a_l_ C_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s_

The use of "#" in headers and footings to get a page number
was  already mentioned. When it is typed in text, it is used
to get a non-expandable blank in filled and justified lines.
For example,

       3.##This is the reason ...

will always have exactly two  blanks  after  the  "3."  even
though  the  program  may  add  extra blanks to this line in
order to make the right margin even. When TABS and tab stops


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INSTRUCTIONS FOR RUN80 FORMATTING PROGRAM


are  used  in  justified  text,  non-expanding  blanks   are
inserted. In unfilled text, plain blanks are inserted.
      A  special escape character "`" is used to mean print
the following character and ignore and  special  meaning  it
otherwise  has.  It  can be used to print itself or the "#"
character.




















































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SUMMARY OF RUN80 FORMATTING COMMANDS


      COMMAND    BREAK?  DEFAULT FUNCTION
      -------    ------  ------- -------- 

         .BR             YES             CAUSE A LINE BREAK 

         .CE     N       YES     N= 1    CENTER THE NEXT N LINES 

         .FI             YES             START FILLING (MOVE WORDS							TO FILL 
LINES)


         .FO             NO      EMPTY   FOOTER TITLE 

         .HE             NO      EMPTY   HEADER TITLE 

         .IN     N       NO      N=0     INDENT N SPACES 

         .NF             YES             STOP FILLING 

         .PG     N       YES     N=+1    BEGIN PAGE NUMBERED N 

         .PL     N       NO      N=66    SET PAGE LENGTH TO N 

         .RM     N       NO      N=60    SET RIGHT MARGIN TO N 

         .SK     N       YES     N=1     SPACE DOWN N LINES 

         .SP     N       NO      N=1     LINE SPACING IS N 

         .TA N,N...      NO      CLEARS  SET TAB STOPS (10 MAX) 

         .TI     N       YES     N=0     TEMPORARY INDENT OF N 

         .UL     N       NO      NO      N=1     UNDERLINE WORDS				
						 IN NEXT N LINES

S_p_e_c_i_a_l_ C_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s_ "#" in a  heading  or  footing  will  be
changed to the page number.

"#   in   filled   text   will   be   changed   to   blank
(non-expandable). The escape character "`" means  to  print
the next character literally.
















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