

































































     YAM User's Manual               Page 1                    Version 4.24

          
          
                                User Manual for
                            YAM (Yet Another Modem)
                               by Chuck Forsberg
                          
                            Distributed with YAMC86
                       (Converted for CI C86 and CP/M-86)
                                 by Paul Homchick

          


     1  Highlights  
     1. Highlights 

          
          Conversational  mode  with  optional  capture  to  file  and
          multiple page review of past output.  File capture  of  long
          files  works  with  any system which responds to XOFF within
          400 characters.  
          
          Flexible uploading of suitable files to many types of remote 
          systems,  even  Bulletin  Boards  without  normal  uploading
          capability.  
          
          Error  checking  file  exchange  with  programs  using  Ward
          Christensen's  protocol  with  optional  Cyclic   Redundancy
          Check.  Enhanced error recovery and transfer abort logic.  
          
          Batch transmission of files with compatible programs.  
          
          High   speed   operation;   9600   baud  file  transfer  and
          conversational terminal   operation.      Buffered   printer
          operation at >>1200 baud.  Full printer buffering allows use 
          of  slow  printers,  or  printers with burst transfers (line
          printer, MX80, etc.).  Function key escape sequences can  be
          buffered,  wllowing  proper operation when keyboard baudrate
          exceeds host baud rate.  
          
          Disk utility functions including directory  listing,  change
          disk  and/or  user  number,  erase  files,  disk  free space
          calculation,  file  transfer  time  calculation,  CRCK  file
          check, and local listing of files.  
          
          
          Great flexibility  in specifying filenames.  New data may be
          appended to existing  ASCII  files.    Optionally,  YAM  can
          maintain  log  of  files  sent  and/or  received  with disk,
          filename, baud rate, and the name of the remote system.  
          
          Able to send files to TWX type machines.  
          
          Matching program (XYAM) for use by remote systems as  XMODEM
          replacement  obtained  from  same source files, allows batch
          transfer of files with full CRC checking.  Matching programs 
          (sb.c and rb.c) are available for Version 7 and  System  III
          Unix(tm).  
          
          Written  in C, a modern high level systems language for ease


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          of portability and maintenance.  
          


     2  Rosetta Stone  
     2. Rosetta Stone 

          


            CAPTURE                                                     
            CAPTURE When in the T(term) function, ALL data coming from 
                the remote is captured in a circular buffer.  
                

            DUMPING                                                    
            DUMPING When a receive file is open as a result  of  a  "t
                filename"  command,  and the circular buffer is nearly
                full, that data is written out to the receive file  if
                Dumping is on.  Setting Squelch mode (see below) turns 
                Dumping off until a ^R character is encountered.  
                

            FUNCTION                                                    
            FUNCTION An operation supported by yam, such as DIR, TYPE, 
                S, R,  or T(term).  A command may set or reset a MODE,
                or perform 0 or more FUNCTIONS.  
                

            IFF                   
            IFF If and only if.  
                

            HOST                                                       
            HOST   The   ``other   machine''   with   which   YAM   is
                comminucating.   This  may  be  with  either  a direct
                RS-232 connection or through a pair of modems.  
                

            MODE                                                       
            MODE Many modes affect the way the term  function  handles
                data.  
                

            OPTION                                                 
            OPTION Option(s) apply to the S and R commands only.  
                

            PREFIX                                                     
            PREFIX  A  letter  that  prefixes  a command to modify its
                action.  
                

            REPLOT                                                     
            REPLOT Traditional term (from early days of Tek  Graphics)
                referring   to   the  rapid  redisplay  of  previously
                calculated information.  In the case of YAM, the  last
                20  to 50 kilobytes of host output may be paged and/or
                searched with the replot function.  
                

            TWX                                                        
            TWX Teletypewriter  Exchange  (Teletype  Copr.  TM).     A
                protocol  (of sorts) used to send files (usually paper
                tape) between Teletype machines.  
                

            {} Required argument.  
                


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            [] Optional argument.  
                

            pattern                                                    
            pattern ...  An empty pattern represents all files on  the
                default disk  with  the  current  user number.  A disk
                identifier without filename represents  all  files  on
                that disk  with  the current user number.  Unambiguous
                and  ambiguous  filenames  may  be  specified  in  any
                combination.  A pattern may contain any combination of 
                the above.  


     3  Prefices and Commands  
     3. Prefices and Commands 

          

          3 1   mode s    
          3.1 -{mode[s]} 
          Enable  mode(s)  affecting  file transmission/reception with
          the term function.  (The "s" and "r"  commands  always  send
          data transparently.) 
          

          3 2 a   
          3.2 a: 
          Change  to a: disk (or b, etc.) CP/M versions print the free
          disk space in kilobytes.  
          

          3 3 a1   
          3.3 a1: 
          Change to a: disk user 1 WARNING: Do NOT change user  number
          when  file(s)  are  open;  CP/M  2.2 gets terribly confused.
          CP/M versions print the free disk space in kilobytes.  
          

          3 4 bm  
          3.4 bm 
          Set baudrate to m.  Example: "b19200" NOTE:  some  212  type
          modems  work better if the baud rate is set to slightly less
          than 1200 baud; e.g., 1180 baud.  
          

          3 5 break  
          3.5 break 
          Sends a break.  May be abbreviated to br.  
          

          3 6 bye  
          3.6 bye 
          Dump any  connection  in  progress  by  dropping  DTR  (data
          terminal ready).  A call or b (set baudrate) command must be 
          given  to  reassert  DTR  before making or answering another
          data call.  
          

          3 7 call name  
          3.7 call name 
                                     ____                              
          Iff the first character of name is a  letter,  yam  searches
                                 ____                                  
          the PHONES  file  for  name.    If the search is successful,
          enable Data Terminal Ready (DTR), and set  baudrate  to  the
                                                 ____                  
          value (if  present)  corresponding  to name.  NOTE: some 212
          type modems work better if the baud rate is set to  slightly
          less than  1200  baud;  e.g.,  1180  baud.    If autodial is
          supported, dial the telephone  number.    The  specifics  of


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          autodial operation  may  vary  with  the implementation.  If
          autodial  is  not  supported,  the   telephone   number   is
          displayed.   It  is not necessary to type the entire name as
          it appears in the file, as YAM will  find  the  first  entry
                              ____                             ____     
          that is a prefix of name.  If the first character of name is 
          not  a  letter,  yam  assumes  a  telephone  number has been
          entered directly.  
          
          Example: "call tcbbs" or "call tc" 
          

          3 8 chat  
          3.8 chat 
          Chat keyboard to  keyboard.    Characters  typed  by  either
          keyboard  are  echoed  to  both  ends,  and  RETURNS echo as
          RETURN/LINEFEED.  Chat will become hostile if the other  end
          also echoes characters.  
          

          3 9 close  
          3.9 close 
          Dump capture buffer if a receive file is open, close files.  
          

          3 10 chek  pattern       
          3.10 chek [pattern ...] 
          Print  the  "chek"  chesksum  and  character  count  for the
          specified files.  The checksum is calculated with  the  same
          alogrithim as  the  CP/M  CHEK.COM program.  This command is
          slower but possibly more accurate than the crck command.  
          

          3 11 crck  pattern       
          3.11 crck [pattern ...] 
          Print the "crck" chesksum and sector count for the specified 
          files.  The "crck" algorithm  is  stolen  from  version  4.3
          CRCK.ASM.  
          

          3 12 dir  pattern       
          3.12 dir [pattern ...] 
          Display  pathnames  matching pattern alphabetized across the
          page.  The usual ambiguous filenames are allowed.  Since dir 
          or any  other  commands  which  accept  a  pattern  use  the
          circular buffer for filename expansion, be sure to write out 
          any captured  data  first!    Example:  "dir" "dir *.c" "dir
          yam*.c" "dir *.c *.h" 
          

          3 13 dirr  pattern       
          3.13 dirr [pattern ...] 
          Displays the directory with the number of  sectors  in  each
          file.  The number of files matched, number of blocks, number 
          of  kb  allocated to those files, and estimated transmission
          time at the  current  baudrate  for  all  files  listed  are
          displayed.   Transmission  time  estimate  is based on batch
          transmission from a  Z89  with  700kb  Tandon  drives  to  a
          Cromemco 4mHz  4fdc  system  with  Persci  277  drive.  Time
          includes file i/o but not error correction.  
          

          3 14 dump pattern       
          3.14 dump pattern ...  
          Dump the named files in side by side hex/ascii format.  Zero 
          length files will not be displayed.  


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          3 15 d mode s    
          3.15 d{mode[s]} 
          Disable mode(s) affecting  file  transmission  or  reception
          with the  term  function.   (The "s" and "r" commands always
          send data transparently.) 
          

          3 16 erase pattern       
          3.16 erase pattern ...  
          Erase the named files.  For each matched pathname, the  user
          is prompted  for  Y, N, or Q.  Y erases the file, N skips to
          the next file, and Q or anything else  aborts  the  command.
          The number of free blocks on the default disk is displayed.  
          

          3 17 e mode s    
          3.17 e{mode[s]} 
          Enable  mode(s)  affecting  file transmission/reception with
          the term function.  (The "s" and "r"  commands  always  send
          data transparently.) 
          

          3 18 flip  ans org   
          3.18 flip {ans,org} 
          Flip  the  local  modem  between answer and originate modes.
          This command is not supported by all versions of YAM.    See
          FLIP.  
          

          3 19 f mode s   name  
          3.19 f[mode[s]] name 
          Send file  'name'  in  the term function.  The optional mode
          enables one or modes.  If squelch is enabled,  preface  with
          ^R and  append with ^T.  If Q (TWX) mode is enabled, name is
          opened, sending is  stopped,  and  YAM  remains  in  command
          mode.  See also type/list command.  
          

          3 20 help  
          3.20 help 
          Displays a  command  summary.   This command closes any open
          send file.  
          

          3 21 initialize  
          3.21 initialize 
          Initializes yam to all its default values.  Does  not  reset
          the disk system (see "reset").  
          

          3 22 kill  
          3.22 kill 
          Kill all  data in the capture buffer.  Restores the pointers
          to their initial positions.  
          

          3 23 link  
          3.23 link 
          Link two ports.  The local host port is  selected  with  the
          Mport command.    The  remote modem port is specified in the
          particular yamsys.h header file.  
          
          Characters received from the local host are buffered in  the
          circular buffer.    Characters  from the circular buffer are
          transmitted  to  the  modem  (and  displayed  on  the  local


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          terminal   screen)   at  a  rate  suitable  for  the  modem.
          Characters from the modem are sent to the local host.    Iff
          the  modem  sends a DELETE or ETX (0177 or 003) to the host,
          the buffler is cleared.   If  a  break  from  the  modem  is
          detected,  the  buffer is cleared and a break is sent to the
          local host.  Keyboard characters from the local terminal are 
          sent to the local host.  Operation assumes  that  the  modem
          port  is the slower of the two, and that the local host will
          not overflow the circular buffer before giving the remote  a
          chance to  respond.   This last requirement means that files
          longer  than  the  size  of  the  circular  buffer  must  be
          displayed with a pager such as more(1).  Exit from this term 
          - like function is with control E from the local keyboard.  
          

          3 24 list pattern        
          3.24 list pattern [...] 
          List the file(s) specified by one or more possibly ambiguous 
          pattern(s).  This command closes any open send file.  Yam or 
          Xyam  compiled  with  USQ  defined will automatically detect
          squeezed files and print them in ASCII.  List  stops/resumes
          printing with  ^S.   Keyboarding ^X cancels, and ^K skips to
          the next file (it might take a few whacks of the keyboard to 
          get YAM to hear it.) XYAM prefaces each  file  with  ^R  and
          suffixes it  with  ^T.    The standard putchar() is used, so
          tabs and newlines are expanded.  The printer can be  enabled
          with ^P  on  the  command  line.  Because tabs are expanded,
          files containing tabs will get larger if downloaded with the 
          list command; if you can't use the s command, at  least  use
          type.   Likewise,  because  newlines  are expanded to cr/lf,
          there will usually be two carriage returns per line.  
          

          3 25 mn  
          3.25 mn 
          Change data port to (decimal) n.  Example: "m224" The domain 
          of  correct  port  numbers  and  consequences  arising  from
          incorrect port numbers vary with the implementation.  
          

          3 26 o  
          3.26 o 
          Disable the modem by turning off DTR.  
          

          3 27 off  
          3.27 off 
          Disable modem and return to operating system.  
          
          

          3 28 pxm  
          3.28 pxm 
          Set Parameter x to value m.  
          

          3 29 reset  size   
          3.29 reset [size] 
          Dump the capture buffer; if a file is open, close all files, 
          and reset   CP/M's   disk  system.    This  allows  swapping
          diskettes.  The optional argument size becomes the  size  of
          the circular capture buffer, useful for debugging.  
          



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          3 30 replot  m   
          3.30 replot [m] 
          Redisplay  the last m lines and/or escape sequences received
          from the host.  If m is 0 or absent, redisplay starting with 
          the earliest data.  A screenful is displayed at a time.  The 
          commands accepted in replot mode are listed below.  
          

          3 31 rewind  
          3.31 rewind 
          Rewind the buffer pointers for  the  display,  printer,  and
          file dump  from  the  term  function.    The  effect of this
          command is the same as if the data  had  been  sent  another
          time.  
          

          3 32 r options   file       
          3.32 r[options] [file ...] 
          Receive  with  options  1  or  more  files  using  the  Ward
          Christensen protocol.  If no filename is given,  batch  mode
          is assumed.    (Note:  batch  mode  is  not  compatible with
          MODEM7.) If more than one filename is given, a  single  file
          transfer will be made for each.  If the RESTRICTED option is 
          defined,   a   file  received  in  error  will  be  unlinked
          (erased).  
          

          3 33 s  
          3.33 s 
          Displays status information.  
          

          3 34 sum pattern       
          3.34 sum pattern ...  
          Sums the named source files  with  an  alogritim  compatible
          with  sum(1)  on  Version  7  Unix  (sum  -r on System III).
          Carriage returns, and all characters  starting  with  CPMEOF
          are excluded  from  the calculation.  This processing allows
          comparision of source files stored on different systems  but
          not ``binary'' files.  
          

          3 35 s options  pattern       
          3.35 s[options] pattern ...  
          If  batch  mode  is  specified  with the b option, 0 or more
          files are sent according to the ambiguous pathname(s).    If
          batch  mode  is not specified, the named unambiguous file(s)
          are sent each in single file mode.  
          

          3 36 type pattern        
          3.36 type pattern [...] 
          Type the file(s) specified by one or more possibly ambiguous 
          pattern(s).  This command closes any open send file.  Yam or 
          Xyam compiled with USQ  defined  will  automatically  detect
          squeezed files  and print them in ASCII.  Type stops/resumes
          printing with ^S.  Keyboarding ^X cancels, and ^K  skips  to
          the next file.  XYAM prefaces each file with ^R and suffixes 
          it with ^T.  Direct console output (bios(4, ...) is used.  
          

          3 37 t c  mode   file   
          3.37 t[c][mode] [file] 
          The term  function with optional capture to file.  0 or more
          modes may be enabled.  The c (close) mode causes data in the 
          capture  buffer  to  be   written   to   file   and   closed


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          immediately.   View mode causes the term function to display
          control characters  by  prefixing  ^  to  the  corresponding
          letter.   If the free buffer space becomes low, yam attempts
          an xoff-dump-xon sequence.  A receive file previously opened 
          by 't file' will not be closed by a 't'command.  
          
          In XYAM, t file begins data capture, and received characters 
          are not echoed.  If the remote sends Control-Z, the file  is
          closed.  
          
          Keyboarded  characters  are  treated  in  either of two ways
          depending on the value of Exitchar (see parameters,  below).
          If  Exitchar  is non zero, term will return when a character
          matching Exitchar is keyboarded, and all others  are  passed
          without any   special  action.    Otherwise,  the  following
          subcommands are available: 

          _ __ _     
          3.37.1 ^@ 
          Break. Sends a break signal to the remote.  The break key on 
          your terminal will probably generate a ^@ (NULL)  character.
          After  the  break  is  sent,  any  remaining  keyboard input
          (usually garbage from a break character) is discarded.  
          

          _ __ _  _  
          3.37.2 ^E 
          Exits from the term function back  to  main  command  level.
          Rapidly  typing  ^E^E  will  instead  cause  one  ^E  to  be
          transmitted.  
          

          _ __ _  _  
          3.37.3 ^F 
          Iff Q (TWX) mode is in effect, transmit  ANSWERBACK  to  the
          remote.    This  is  equivalent  to  HEREIS  on  a  Teletype
          machine.  
          

          _ __ _  _  
          3.37.4 ^Q 
          Iff a send file  is  open  and  its  transmission  has  been
          stopped by  a  XOFF,  transmission is resumed.  Otherwise no
          special treatment.  
          

          _ __ _  _  
          3.37.5 ^S 
          Iff a send  file  is  open  and  it  is  being  transmitted,
          transmission is stopped.  Otherwise no special treatment.  
          

          _ __ _  _  
          3.37.6 ^V 
          Replots  up  to  24  lines  starting  with  either the first
          character received after the last character  keyboarded,  or
          about  48  lines  back if less than 400 characters have been
          received since the last character sent.    This  allows  the
          output  from  the  last command to be conveniently reviewed.
          Replot then awaits next replot command (see  below).    ^V^V
          typed quickly sends one ^V instead.  
          
          The following received characters are recognized in the term 
          function, when they are fetched from the circular buffer for 


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          the display.  
          

          _ __ _  _  
          3.37.7 ^E 
          Iff  Q  (TWX)  mode is in effect, transmit ANSWERBACK to the
          remote.  
          

          _ __ _ __  
          3.37.8 SO 
          If Cis02 mode is  in  effect,  turns  on  the  Compuserve  A
          protocol.  This protocol is used with the XFTRAN program and 
          the DOW  command of SIG/ACCESS.  See yam4.c and Compuserve's
          CP-MIG user group for more information.  
          

          _ __ _ ____  
          3.37.9 XOFF 
          Stops file transmission from yam.  
          

          _ __ __ ___  
          3.37.10 XON 
          Resumes file transmission.  
          

          _ __ __ ___  
          3.37.11 TAB 
          Some versions of YAM expand tab characters to spaces on  the
          display.   BUG:  Since YAM does not decode cursor addressing
          commands, these commands should not be intermixed with  tabs
          on the same line.  
          

          3 38 w  
          3.38 w 
          Write  dumps  the  circular  buffer  to the receive file, if
          open.  
          

          3 39 wc pattern       
          3.39 wc pattern ...  
          Takes a count of lines, words, characters excluding returns, 
          and all text characters for the  given  files.    Characters
          beginning with  CPMEOF  are  excluded.    On 8 bit versions,
          counts are modulo 64k.  
          

          3 40 x  
          3.40 x 
          eXit to CP/M.  Dumps and closes any open files.  If YAM  has
          been  "nobooted",  this  command  will  avoid  the CP/M warm
          boot.  Any letters after x will  cause  the  command  to  be
          ignored,  so  users  may  keyboard  "xyam  s file" from XYAM
          command prompt without untoward results.  
          

          3 41    command  
          3.41 !  command 
          Execute command.  
          
          

          3 42   command  
          3.42 $ command 
          Run command with standard  output  directed  to  the  remote
          system.   Normally,  stderr  remains  connected to the local


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          terminal, but it may be redirected to a file with the syntax 
          ``2>pathname''.  Stderr can be also redirected to the remote 
          system with ``2>&1''.  
          

          3 43   command  
          3.43 # command 
          Run command with stdin, stdout connected to the host system, 
          but with stderr still connected to the local terminal.  Used 
          with sb(1) and rb(1).  
          
          

          3 44    
          3.44 ; 
          Semicolon is an optional command delimiter which may be used 
          in place of RETURN in order to place multiple commands on  a
          line.  Since commands such as "sb" have an indefinite number 
          of  operands,  the semicolon must be used to string commands
          together.  Example: "sb *.c;off"  batch  transmits  all  *.c
          files, then disconnects.  Unfortunately, CP/M's CCP clobbers 
          ;  and  everything  past  it  in  the  command  line, so use
          backslash instead.  
          
          

          3 45 NATHAN  
          3.45 NATHAN 
          The NATHAN command sends the rest of  the  physical  command
          line  to  the  host,  starting with the very next character.
          This command works with SUBMIT and XSUB (if lowercase  isn't
          needed).   Normally a cr/lf is sent as the end of each line,
          but this may be changed by relevant mode(s).  
          


     4  MODES used with D  E  F  T or U commands  
     4. MODES used with D, E, F, T or U commands 

          


            !  Negates the sense of the following mode.  For  example,
                t!l will turn off the line printer.  
                

            2                                                          
            2  "2" causes formfeed from the remote to clear the screen
                (CLEARS string defined in  bdscio.h).    Also  enables
                Compuserve  A  protocol  if  this feature is included.
                N.B. Non-ASCII files or files  without  CR's  must  be
                uploaded in Cpmpuserve's binary mode.  
                

            a                                                          
            a  A return from the keyboard is sent as return, linefeed.
                If half duplex, both are sent to the console.  
                

            b                                                           
            b Binary mode of TRANSMISSION with T function.  All 8 bits 
                are sent.   Handy  for  downloading  binary  files  to
                adjacent machines  without  any  modem program.  Don't
                confuse this  with  the  S  function  which  uses  the
                Christensen protocol.   Also don't confuse with i mode


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                which affects files received with the T function.  
                

            d                                                          
            d Directly enables/disables dumping of  captured  text  is
                squelch mode  is in effect.  If squelch mode is not in
                effect, always enables dumping.  
                

            e                                                          
            e With term command, echo  characters  received  from  the
                host to  the  host.    Use  this  only for keyboard to
                keyboard communication, and  then  only  at  one  end.
                Reset after  each  command.    Does  not  imply  "Half
                Duplex".  
                
                With  the  f  command,  selects  an   alternate   file
                transmission  function  sendecho()  which waits for an
                echo to each character  transmitted  (for  Throttle/10
                seconds).   The echoed character is output to console.
                See "propagating yam" below.  Often it is fairly  easy
                to  write  a simple receive routine which synchronizes
                with the sender by the simple expedient of echoing the 
                characters received.  On Heath/Zenith CP/M system, the 
                pip device "TTY:" does just that.  
                

            f                
            f Full duplex.  
                

            g                                                          
            g Resumes (GO) sending file once  in  the  term  function,
                equivalent to  XON.  Disabling GO causes a file queued
                for transmission to wait for an XON character.  
                

            h                                                           
            h Half Duplex.  Displays keyboarded characters as they are 
                sent to the host.  
                

            i                                                          
            i Image transparent  data  dumping,  all  8  bits  of  all
                characters received,  including NULLS.  This overrides
                the t and/or z modes.  
                

            j                                                          
            j Jovemode suppresses the automatic transmission  of  XOFF
                and  XON  when  yam's  buffer fills up to allow proper
                operation  with  EMACS  type   editors   where   these
                characters  are  used as commands and thus unavailable
                for flow control.  If Exitchar has not been  set  (see
                parameter  e)  it  is  set  to US (Control-Underscore)
                which is currently unbound in Jove.  This disables the 
                Control E and Control V commands in term mode.  
                
                Resetting jovemode also resets Exitchar.  
                

            l                                                           
            l List unit (Printer) on.  Since the printer is separately 
                buffered, it needn't be as fast as the  incoming  data
                as  long  as  the difference doesn't exceed the buffer
                size.  The rewind command may be  used  to  get  extra


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                copies of the received data.  
                

            n                                                          
            n  Called nlmode, after the corresponding tty mode in Unix
                systems.  Send NEWLINE  (lf)  only  when  transmitting
                file (no CR).    Send  keyboarded CR as NEWLINE.  When
                receiving a file  to  disk  with  the  term  function,
                NEWLINE is stored on disk as \\r \\n.  
                

            o                                         
            o Onetrip; exit before the next prompt.  
                

            p                                                          
            p  When  sending  files  with  the  term  command, wait to
                receive GOchar after sending a CR  at  the  end  of  a
                line.    The  default  for  GOchar  is  linefeed  (see
                parameter g below).  If GOchar is  not  received,  the
                wait  times  out and transmission proceeds in the same
                manner as with w mode.  The duration of  this  timeout
                is controlled by the p parameter.  
                

            r                                                          
            r Called  crmode.    Sends  CR  only  at  the  end of each
                transmitted line.  
                

            s                                                          
            s Squelch  the  dumping  of  captured  data  with  ^T  and
                unsquelch with ^R.  These characters are not copied to 
                the file.   When a receive file is opened with Squelch
                mode is selected, writing to the file is  turned  off.
                Selecting  squelch  mode  automatically  turns writing
                off; disabling  squelch  automatically  turns  it  on.
                (See "d" above).  
                

            t                                                           
            t If Waitnum is more than 1, wait for echoes to stop after 
                sending each  Waitnum characters for period Pause.  If
                Waitnum==1, send at 1/Throttle, measured in  loops  of
                the term()  function.    The default values of Waitnum
                and Throttle provide transmission at  about  50  words
                per minute  regardless  of  baud  rate.  This is handy
                because many remote systems  cannot  accept  input  at
                full speed.  
                

            v                                                          
            v View  control  characters  as ^C.  Useful in shutting up
                the bloody  bell.    In  addition  to  the  above,   v
                distinguishes  characters  with  the parity bit set by
                prepending a tilde (~).  Note: View mode  is  distinct
                from view  option.    This  mode  is  reset after each
                command.  
                

            w                                                          
            w When sending files with the term command, send  CR  only
                at  end  of  line,  and  then  pause until echoes from
                remote have stopped.   Useful  for  sending  files  to
                bulletin boards where the remote needs time to prepare 
                for the  next  text line.  The length of this pause is


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                controlled by the p parameter.  
                

            x                                                          
            x Exit from the term function when EOF is  encountered  on
                transmitted file.  
                

            z                                                          
            z  Close  file  when  ^Z  is encountered while dumping the
                capture buffer.  Otherwise ^Z is ignored.   It  should
                be  noted  that ``The Source'' coughs up an occasional
                ^Z just as  the  "UPI"  program  is  about  to  output
                something interesting.  
                


     5  Options used with S and R commands  
     5. Options used with S and R commands 

          
          All options are reset after each command.  
          


            7                                                          
            7 Use  only  7  bit  transfers  (eigth bit masked).  Since
                files  are  transferred  with  the  eigth  bit  reset,
                program  images  and  other ``binary'' files cannot be
                sent this  way.    Crc  option  cannot  be   used   in
                conjunction with  7  bit  transfers.    This option is
                useful for file transfer with brain damaged  operating
                systems.  
                

            b                                                          
            b Batch  option.    Pathnames  are provided by the sender.
                Disk  names  are   excluded   from   the   transmitted
                pathname(s), and may not be specified for batch option 
                reception (use the change directory command).  
                

            c                                                          
            c  Request  Cyclic  Redundancy  Check  instead  of  simple
                checksum.  This option must be specified  with  the  R
                function.  The receiving program automatically signals 
                the sending  program  if  CRC  is  to  be  used.   The
                probability of an  undetected  transmission  error  is
                much  less  if  CRC  is  used  in  place of arithmetic
                checksum.  
                

            k                                                           
            k Use 1 K byte blocks with the S and R functions.  Default 
                block length is 128.  Increases  throughput  when  the
                baudrate  is  high,  relative to the response times of
                the channel and computers.  The k option may not  work
                properly  on  all  systems,  especially  at  high baud
                rates.  Some 212 type modems work better if  the  baud
                rate  is  set  to  slightly less than 1200 baud; e.g.,
                1180 baud.   This  is  especially  true  if  using  1k
                blocks.  
                

            q                                                          
            q  Quiet  option  inhibits some of the status information.


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                Unlike  some  other  programs,  quiet  option  is  not
                necessary  for  proper  file  file  transfer at higher
                baudrates.  
                

            t                                                          
            t  Execute  the  term  function  after  file   transfer(s)
                complete.  
                

            v                                                          
            v View  the  data  being  transmitted.    Correct  data is
                displayed once.    Viewing  ascii   files   does   not
                interfere  with  correct  transmission at extreme baud
                rates, although throughput will be affected.  For each 
                sector,  data  is  viewed  once  before  sending/after
                receiving.  
                

            y                                                          
            y Yes  it  is  OK  to  clobber a file already on disk.  If
                absent, the operator is given a choice of appending to 
                the current file (a), erasing it (y) or aborting (n).  
                


     6  Parameters used with P command  
     6. Parameters used with P command 



            gm                                                         
            gm Set GOchar to m (decimal).  Default is linefeed.   (See
                p  mode.)  Some remote systems accept uploads with a ?
                for each line.  Optimum operation with such  a  system
                might call  for  pg63  pp10000 pt90 ftw filename.  The
                first sets the goahead character to question mark, the 
                second sets the timeout to a  long  delay,  the  third
                sets  throttle  to  a speed which allows the remote to
                echo at 300 baud (assuming no tabs), and  finally  the
                command to send the file with throttle and wait at end 
                of line (also eliminating the lf).  If this sounds too 
                complex you can always go back to longhand.  
                

            em                                                         
            em Set  Exitchar  to  m  (decimal).  Same format as GOchar
                discussed above.  If defined (non-zero), term function 
                will return  when  m  is  keyboarded,  and  ALL  other
                keyboarded characters  are  passed  to the remote.  If
                special function keys have been defined for replot and 
                exit they will still be  recognized.    Otherwise,  be
                sure  not  to  set  Exitchar  to  something  you can't
                keyboard!  
                

            wn                                                         
            wn Set Waitnum to n.  See "w" mode for details.    Default
                is 1.  
                

            tm                                                         
            tm Set  Throttle  to  m.  The default value corresponds to
                about 80 words per minute sending speed.  
                



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            pm                                                         
            pm Set Pause to m.    When  the  free  characters  in  the
                circular buffer  reach  400,  an  XOFF is sent.  Pause
                controls  the  time  which  must  then  pass   without
                characters  received  before  believing that the other
                end really has obeyed the XOFF character,  as  opposed
                to  the  sometimes  lengthy  Compuserve hitches in the
                getalong.  If Pause is too short, it is possible  that
                a   lurch   in   output   will   be   interpreted   as
                acknowledgement  of  the  XOFF,  only  to  have   more
                characters  arrive  whilst yam is occupied dumping the
                buffer to  disk.    When  this  happens,   unfortunate
                characters  are  routed  to the proverbial bit bucket,
                and you can retry  the  download  as  the  timesharing
                service increments  the  connect  charge.  The default
                value seems suitable for Source over  Tymnet  and  BBS
                systems.  Pause is also the echo wait period used with 
                the w  mode,  as well as the timeout for p mode.  Some
                bulletin board programs require a very long pause when 
                accepting files with the p or w mode.  
          


     7  Replot Commands  
     7. Replot Commands 

          
          Commands  within  replot  consist  of  a  single  character.
          Replot  maps  uppercase,  lowercase,  and control characters
          together in decoding commands.  


            b                                
            b Display beginning of buffer.  

            k                                           
            k Kill entire buffer contents and return.  

            v BS                                                     
            v,BS Display previous page (some overlap is provided).  

            SP                          
            SP Display the next page.  

            / Accept a search string, terminated by  return.    Search
                through  the  buffer  starting at the current location
                for the first (next) instance of that string  (matches
                either case).  Display page starts with that line.  If 
                the  search is unsuccessful, ring bell and jump to the
                beginning of the buffer.  

            n                                                          
            n Search for next occurrence  of  the  previously  entered
                search string.  

            p                                  
            p Backup one line and redisplay.  

            LF                     
            LF Advance one line.  

            x                                                          
            x  Exit after displaying the last page of buffer contents.
                This restores the screen  and  keyboard  to  the  same
                state they  were  in  before  replot  was  entered.  X
                allows you to see where you were if you  were  in  the
                midst of  keyboarding  a  command  to the remote.  For
                example, suppose you are typing in a line of  commands


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                and  you  need  to  "thumb  back" through the remote's
                output for some vital nugget of information.    (After
                you enter a 20 line email message, NOW Compuserve asks 
                you  for the 8 digit account number to mail it to!) So
                you hit some Control V's  until  you  see  it  on  the
                screen.   Now  you  can't remember whether you typed a
                space after the  last  part  of  you  command  to  the
                remote.   No sweat, just exit replot with x and you'll
                see  just  where  you  were  (But  don't  forget  that
                number!)  X may not redisplay the entire page contents
                if the host has been sending escape sequences  in  the
                last page.  

            z                                                          
            z  Kill  the  rest  of the buffer by setting the character
                insertion pointer to just after the end of the current 
                display.  This subcommand should not be used  if  some
                data has been sent to either the list device (with tl) 
                or  a  receive  file  (t filename) since the last kill
                command as the pointers might  get  out  of  sync  and
                attempt   to  output  the  entire  64k  memory  space,
                entrails and all.  

            OTHERWISE                              
            OTHERWISE Return to previous function 
          


     8  Sample YAM Session  
     8. Sample YAM Session 

          
          A sample session on CP/M might be: 
          
          
          
 A0>yam b19200 b:         Set 19kb, Change to b disk
 dirr yam?.? yamhlp.mss   List files and calculate xmsn time
 sb yam?.? yamhlp.mss     Send them to a local system
          
 call hydepark            Can't remember the phone number! (At 19kb??)
 t                        Term Function
 minirbbs
 E                        Enter a message, etc.
          
 ^E
          
 ftp letter               Open 'letter' and send to bbs, using
                          prompt and throttle modes to slow
                          transmission so the remote system won't
                          drop characters. YAM remains in T(erm)
                          after the file is sent.
 xmodem s foo.bqr         Command host to download a file
          
 ^E
 rt secret.tqp            Download the file, then back to term function
          
 ^V pause ^V^V            Flip back three pages,
                          to first part of directory listed previously
 CR                       Back to term function
                          More keyboarding with remote, logoff


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 (^E                      if CDO defined, term will exit by itself)
 off                      Drop DTR so modem won't answer calls,
                          Return to CPM
          
          


     9  Notes  
     9. Notes 

          
          When operating with  a  timesharing  system  and/or  through
          network   or   satellite   links,   considerable  delays  in
          transmission and responce  to  blocks  may  severely  reduce
          throughput of an FTP (file transfer protocol).  The k option 
          causes  the  s  command to use 1024 byte blocks, rather than
          the standard 128.  At high  baud  rates,  this  reduces  the
          protocol  related  overhead  up to 87 per cent, depending on
          file length, by reducing the number of blocks which must  be
          sent and  acknowledged  by  a factor of 8.  1024 byte blocks
          are selected by the sender.  An STX at the beginning of each 
          block (otherwise SOH for 128 bytes) inicates this  block  is
          1k long.    Pathnames  are always sent with 128 byte blocks.
          Buffering problems on some timesharing systems may  mitigate
          againgst use of 1k blocks at high baudrates.  
          
          Files  transmitted  from Unix to CP/M will be padded with ^Z
          characters as necessary to reach a length divisable by 128.  
          
          CP/M files sent with 1k blocks may not  compare  identically
          with  their  originals  due  to  the addition of up to seven
          extra 128 byte sectors (padded with CPMEOF).  
          
          Readiness to receive sectors with Cyclic Redundancy Check (2 
          bytes) instead of the usual additive checksum  is  indicated
          by  a  0103  (ASCII  "C") for initial "naks" instead of 025.
          CRC option is highly recommended.  It is  the  default  when
          using  batch  mode and/or 1k blocks, unless the 7 bit option
          is also in effect.  
          
          File transmission is compatible with MODEM7 in single  file,
          standard block  length  mode.    File  transmission  may  be
          aborted by sending a SEQUENCE of CAN (^X) characters.   Each
          character  keyboarded  will  cause  readline()  to  return a
          TIMEOUT error, thus regaining  keyboard  control  relatively
          easily.  
          
          Maximum  baudrate  possible  without errors using the t(erm)
          function  depends  on  the  computer  and   particular   yam
          implementation, but usually is 9600 baud.  
          
          
          Use these  numbers  for  comparison.  Your mileage and range
          may differ depending on clock speed,  circuit  distance  and
          RFI/EMI.  California estimate lower.  
          
          
          Quiet  mode  is  not necessary for proper operation at 19kb,
          although it does increase throughput slightly.  View  option


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          (S  and  R  commands)  does  not decrease maximum baud rate,
          although throughput is obviously affected according  to  the
          ratio of terminal speed to communications rate.  
          
          Printer operation with bios calls or view mode substantially 
          reduces the highest baudrate possible with the term function 
          without  losing  characters  (independent  of actual printer
          speed).  The term function will send XOFF to prevent  buffer
          overflow  if  the  printer is on, or if a receive file is in
          use.  Term function on the Cromemco with a 300 baud  printer
          works fine at 4800 baud.  
          
          In  the  term  function, use of the circular buffer provides
          some advantages.  
          
               Incoming data may come in at a  rate  higher  than
               the display and/or printer.  Tab expansion for the 
               display does not compromise this ability.  
               
               The  user may decide to save a timesharing session
               on the disk AFTER it has started (or possibly even 
               finished) as long as the buffer pointers have  not
               wrapped around.  
               
               The same ability also applies to the printer.  The 
               printer need not be as fast as the host as long as 
               the Tortoise is allowed to catch up.  
               
               Received data may be redisplayed (rep command).  
               
          At  high  speeds,  the display will fall behind the incoming
          data, as storing of raw host  data  into  the  buffer  takes
          precedence over  all  else.    As  a  result, a defective or
          incorrectly programmed port which sources data at high speed 
          can lockout the keyboard.  If yam "goes away" when  entering
          the term function, this may be the cause.  
          
          If insufficient stack space is provided above the end of the 
          circular  buffer,  yam may sulk when attempting to exit from
          the term function.  The amount of stack space is  determined
          in   the   init   function   (in  yam1.c)  where  bufend  is
          initialized.  
          
          The t and z modes affecting dumping of  captured  data  take
          effect  when  the  circular buffer is written to the receive
          file, not as the characters are first received from the data 
          port.  
          
          The append option (available  if  receiving  filename  where
          filename  exists)  operates by calculating the length of the
          file,  searching  the  last  NSECTS  records  for  ^Z,   and
          positioning the pointers appropriately.  Since YAM fills the 
          rest  of  the entire last record with ^Z, the last record of
          an existing file may be "cleaned up" by the command sequence 
          "kill tc filename" which clears the  capture  buffer,  opens
          filename  for  append, and then closes it without adding any
          text.  
          


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     10  Communicating with TWX Machines  
     10. Communicating with TWX Machines 

          
          YAM has certain features which facilitate sending  files  to
          TWX machines.    Files  for  transmission  to  TWX  machines
          conventionally begin with the local answerback, which may be 
          triggered by a ^F in the file.  After the test of the  file,
          add an ENQ (^E) which releases the TWX machine's answerback, 
          another  ^F  to  send  your  answerback, and finally a ^D to
          allow the TWX machine to disconnect.  
          
          To send a file, the following sequence is recommended: 
          
          yam call name fq sendfile thqx logfile close off 
          
          Both sendfile  and  logfile  should  be  open  by  the  time
          connection  is made, or the called TWX machine may not get a
          timely response to its ENQ (^E).  Since YAM  uses  the  same
          file  descriptor  for  looking  up phone numbers and receive
          files, you cannot open the receive  file  before  using  the
          call command.  
          
          If printer operation is desired, change the thqx to thqxl.  
          


     11  Downloading Files from Unix TM  Systems  
     11. Downloading Files from Unix(TM) Systems 

          
          To download files from Unix systems with sb, invoke sb(1) to 
          send  the  desired  files  and  then  use  the yam ``r[yt]''
          command.  On Unix type: 
          
          sb file ...  
          
          Then exit term with ^E and give 
          
          ry 
          
          and file transfers will commence.  
          
          If the files are long, and/or if the  baudrate  is  limited,
          you can save time by squeezing them first with sq(1).  
          
          Versions  of  the  BDS  C  programs  SQ,  TYPE,  and USQ are
          available for  Unix  systems.    The  CP/M  version  of  USQ
          supports  a  -n option which will expand Unix NL's to CR/LF.
          The Unix version -n flag suppresses carriage returns.  
          
          If a file or set of files are to be transported between Unix 
          systems with yam, it is helpful to place them  in  a  tar(1)
          archive   (and   possibly   squeeze   the   archive)  before
          transmission.    This   proecedure   will    preserve    the
          modification  times  and  avoid  adding ^Z characters to the
          ends of files.  
          
          The -k option of sb will select 1  kb  block  length  rather
          than  the standard 128 bytes for improved throughput at high


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          baudrates.  Currently this does not work at 9600  baud  with
          the Z100 under MSB.  
          
          Consult the sb.1 manual entry for more information.  
          


     12  Uploading Files to Unix TM  Systems  
     12. Uploading Files to Unix(TM) Systems 

          
          On Unix systems, files may be uploaded with rb(1).  
          
          See the rb.1 manual entry for more information.  
          


     13  Error Correcting File Transfer with Other UGH  Remote Systems  
     13. Error Correcting File Transfer with Other(UGH) Remote Systems 

          
          If  the  host  system  has YAM, XYAM, MODEM, XMODEM, tmodem,
          umodem, or something compatible, you can upload  files  with
          the  s  command  on  your  computer  and the corresponding r
          command on the remote.  Newer  versions  of  some  of  these
          programs  support  Cyclic Redundancy Check as an alternative
          to the simple checksum used by the original Ward Christensen 
          protocol.  CRC is much better  at  detecting  errors  and  I
          recommend its use where available.  
          
          Unfortunately,  this  protocol  is  not  implemented  on the
          popular timesharing services The Source and Compuserve.   It
          is  often  possible  to  upload  files  using the F command,
          perhaps with one or more modes.   Your  chances  of  success
          improve  if  you set "enab flow" when connecting to Telenet.
          If using Tymnet, type ^R^X just  before  the  host  computer
          name to  enable  flow  control  with XOFF and XON.  It often
          helps to use "half duplex" when connecting to the computer.  
          
          Yam4 implements the Compuserve `A' protocol which is  usable
          only on Compuserve's own network.  
          
          The  determined  hacker  will  divine  alternative  ways  to
          transfer files by a close examination of the  rest  of  this
          document.  
          


     14  BUGS  
     14. BUGS 

          Yam  does  not  trap  any escape sequences from the computer
          which can lock up the keyboard or display.  If  yam  appears
          to  be  locked  up,  check  the terminal by itself to see if
          perhaps it is wedged.  
          
          Some 8-bit versions of yam must  use  an  assembly  language
          ``warp-drive''  term function to operate at the highest baud
          rates.  This may cause  confusion  as  some  of  the  subtle
          amenities of the regular term function are missing.  
          


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          Not all commands are implemented on all versuions.  
          
          When  YAM  is  used  with a terminal (or terminal emulation)
          which accepts commands to transmit information to  the  host
          (screen  dump, cursor position, ident, etc.), the characters
          so generated may cause YAM to do strange things.   The  most
          common  manifestation  of  this is in replot mode, where the
          automatically generated characters may  cause  YAM  to  exit
          replot.  
          

          14 1 Z 89  
          14.1 Z-89 
          Older  vintage  Z-89's  may  not operate properly at 9600 or
          19200 baud, most notably  with  the  Berkeley  Editor  which
          makes considerable  use of terminal capabilities.  Sometimes
          the CRT firmware gets so flustered that  it  must  be  reset
          with a ESC z.  This problem may be due to the Z-89 CPU board 
          baud rate clock being slightly slower than the incoming data 
          rate.  Selecting two stop bits on the host machine may solve 
          this problem.    Setting the CRT port to 19200 baud may also
          help.  This problem may show up with other  computers  using
          outboard CRT's.  a bad assumption for the ROM video software 
          on the  PC.   Yam versions ``yam and yamb'' will not operate
          with BIOSes that use keyboard interrupts,  but  ``yammcom'',
          which   uses   bios   calls   for   keyboard   input,  will.
          Unfortunately, BIOS keyboard input on the Z89  is  too  slow
          for yammcom to work properly at 9600 baud.  

          14 2 Z 100 CP M 85  
          14.2 Z-100 CP/M-85 
          Scrolling  speed  problems  appear at high baud rates (>1200
          baud).  However, the r function does work at 9600 baud  even
          if 1k blocks are being used.  

          14 3 HP 125  
          14.3 HP-125 
          The HP 125 computer consists of an intelligent terminal with 
          a number of peripherals, one of which happens to be an 8 bit 
          CP/M computer.    Porting yam to this contraption poses some
          difficulties as the computer running  yam  must  communicate
          ___  ___________ ________ __ ___ _____ _____ ____ __________ 
          the  intelligent terminal to the modem while also displaying
          __ ____ ____             
          on that same terminal.  
          
          When yam comes up on the 125, serial  port  1  is  selected.
          Yam  issues  a special HP function call to set serial port 1
          to 8 bit pass through mode.    Port  1  or  port  2  may  be
          selected with  the  mN  command.  Unfortunately, HP does not
          provide  a  function  to  make  the  second  port  similarly
          transparent.  
          
          Other  ports  may be selected by magical escape incantations
          entered (without spaces).  These map the desired serial port 
          to the CP/M reader and punch devices.  (See  Chapter  11  of
          the  HP  125  System  Refrence  Manual.) The first two lines
          select serial port 1.  The last two lines select serial port 
          2.  Refer to the manual for others.  
          	ESC & i 10 s 16 d 2 M
          	ESC & i 0 s 25 d 2 M
          
          	ESC & i 10 s 18 d 2 M


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     YAM User's Manual              Page 22                    Version 4.24


          	ESC & i 2 s 25 d 2 M
          The aids key should then  be  pressed,  then  the  congifure
          function  to  set  the baud rate and other parameters on the
          desired port.  
          
          YAM on the 125 works marginally at  1200-9600  baud  in  the
          term function,  depending  on the situation (?).  The remote
          must be prepared to respond to XOFF and XON  at  all  times.
          When  using  the t function, there is a problem sending long
          files (longer than the  yam  buffer  size)  to  the  HP  125
          because  of  interference  betweent  flow control characters
          generated by the terminal firmware and yam itself.  
          
          Protocol file transfer (thru port #1) usually works at  9600
          baud but sometimes gets out of sync.  
          
          HP  has  not  documented  any  way for CP/M programs to send
          breaks and/or change baud rate.  
          
          The  HP-125  has  a  somewhat  non-standard  CP/M  operating
          system.  The undocumented bdos function 6 with 0xFE does not 
          work on the HP.  An ESC E sequence will cold boot CP/M.  
          
          If  an  asterisk appears in the AUTO LF function window, the
          HP-125 CP/M operates very strangely.  For example,  the  dir
          command suddenly forgets about most disk files.  In general, 
          CP/M  is  somewhat  fubar  in this mode; nothing works quite
          right.  That is not the only undesireable mode the hp125 can 
          get into.  
          
          Files may also be downloaded to the HP 125 using pip reading 
          from the RDR: device  (mapped  as  indicated  above).    The
          sender (such as yam) must respond to XOFF and XON.  Only hex 
          files  can  be  transferred this way as the terminal portion
          munges anything more exotic.  
          
          In fairness to the HP 125's designers, it  should  be  noted
          that  the  HP  125  terminal  section  sports  some of yam's
          features without need for a CP/M computer.  
          

          14 4 Televideo 820H  
          14.4 Televideo 820H 
          Yam for the Televideo 820H defaults to the rs232 port.   The
          baud  rate  should  always be set using the b command as yam
          cannot determine what baud rate was set before running  yam.
          To  select  the  printer port, give ``m33''. ``m32'' selects
          the rs232 port.  













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lso be downloaded to the HP 125 using pip reading 
          from the